Use of supplementation in life cycles: a literature review

Abstract

The use of nutritional supplementation throughout the life cycle plays an important role in maintaining health and preventing deficiencies, covering childhood, adolescence, adulthood, pregnancy, and aging. The objective was to analyze current evidence on the benefits, risks, and applications of supplements such as creatine, whey protein, vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidant compounds. The methodology consisted of a literature review. In children and adolescents, supplementation is indicated when there are documented deficiencies, contributing to growth, neurocognitive development and immunity; Every prescription must respect age groups and safety. In adults, gains in performance, muscle recovery, and metabolic support stand out, with a consolidated role of creatine in strength and power, and whey in protein synthesis, when necessary. In pregnant women, iron, folic acid, and vitamin D support maternal-fetal outcomes, and screening and dose protocols should be followed. In the elderly, high-quality protein, vitamin D, calcium, and creatine can help prevent sarcopenia, preserving functionality and quality of life. Risks arise from self-medication, contamination, drug interactions and megadoses, especially fat-soluble vitamins; Clinical-laboratory monitoring is recommended. The discussion reinforces individualization, integrating clinical status, eating habits, objectives and cost-benefit. It is concluded that supplementation should act as a complementary and timed resource, anchored in evidence and professional guidance, without replacing a varied and balanced dietary pattern. The adoption of monitoring routines, nutritional education and periodic review of doses enhances results and reduces serious adverse events.