Conhecimento de pacientes com diabetes mellitus sobre o manejo da insulina em diferentes cenários de atenção à saúde

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin production or action. Insulin therapy is essential for glycemic control; however, its effectiveness depends on patients’ knowledge and adherence. Objective: To map the scientific literature on insulin therapy management in individuals with diabetes mellitus, identifying challenges, consequences, and adherence strategies. Method: This is a scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, structured according to the PCC model (Population, Concept, Context). The guiding question was formulated using the JBI method, followed by a systematic search in national and international databases conducted between March and May 2023. Study selection followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist, with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analysis occurred in stages (screening, full-text reading, and data extraction), culminating in a thematic synthesis of findings. Results: The search strategy identified 61 articles, of which 4 met the inclusion criteria. Published between 2009 and 2020, all in Portuguese, the studies addressed topics such as knowledge of diabetes, complication management, insulin administration and storage, biosafety practices, lifestyle habits, and treatment adherence. Lexical analysis revealed strong connections between the terms "education," "guidance," and "follow-up" with "patient," highlighting the centrality of health education. Conclusion: Effective insulin therapy management requires a continuous, multidisciplinary approach focused on education, prevention, and clinical care, reinforcing self-care, treatment adherence, and patients' quality of life.