Effects of non-invasive ventilation in critically ill patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: impact on the success rate of endotracheal extubation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v9i20.3212Keywords:
Tracheal Extubation, Noninvasive Ventilation, Critical CareAbstract
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a type of ventilatory support that uses external interfaces, such as facial or nasal masks, to provide positive airway pressure without the need for endotracheal intubation. It is estimated that approximately 30% to 40% of critically ill patients require some type of ventilatory support during hospitalization. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of non-invasive ventilation on the extubation success of critically ill patients at high risk of extubation failure admitted to an intensive care unit. This is an integrative, descriptive, and exploratory review. The guiding question investigated the effects of non-invasive ventilation on the post-extubation of critically ill patients in the ICU. Clinical trials evaluated (2020–2026) were included, searched in the PubMed, SciELO, and PEDro databases. Selection followed the PRISMA recommendations, quality was assessed using the Jadad scale, and data were organized for synthesis of the results. In total, 7 articles were included, discussing non-invasive respiratory support strategies in the post-extubation period, such as NIV, high-flow nasal cannula, high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, and conventional oxygen therapy, which show variable effectiveness depending on the patient's clinical profile. It is concluded that there is no single ideal approach for all patients, and individualization of the ventilatory strategy based on the risk of extubation failure, clinical condition, and patient tolerance is fundamental.
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