Performance of the psychologist in primary care within the SUS: challenges in mental health practice

Abstract

The role of psychologists in Primary Care within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) is situated within a context marked by complex mental health demands, frequently associated with social determinants, vulnerabilities, and diffuse psychological suffering, requiring expanded, territorial, and interdisciplinary practices. This study analyzed the challenges faced by psychologists in Primary Care within the SUS in the field of mental health through an integrative literature review. The search was conducted in the SciELO, LILACS, PePSIC, and Virtual Health Library databases. The final sample consisted of 7 scientific studies. The results indicate the predominance of the individual-clinical model in professional practice, difficulties in implementing matrix support and interdisciplinary work, as well as structural limitations such as work overload, scarcity of resources, and weak articulation with the psychosocial care network. On the other hand, potential related to the expansion of clinical practice, the strengthening of territorial practices, and collective action in mental health are evident. It is concluded that the role of psychologists in Primary Care shows important progress, but still faces significant challenges that demand investments in
professional training, in the organization of work in health, and in the consolidation of public policies aligned with the principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS).