Prevention of unintentional intraoperative hypothermia in elderly patients: an integrative literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Hypothermia is characterized by a reduction in body temperature below 36°C and is a frequent complication during surgery. It can cause hemodynamic changes, increased risk of infection, prolonged hospital stay, and other clinical complications, especially in elderly patients who have greater physiological vulnerability. In this context, the nurse plays a fundamental role in the early identification, continuous monitoring, and implementation of measures to prevent and control body temperature, contributing to the safety of the surgical patient. Objective: To analyze effective strategies and highlight the importance of nursing in the prevention of intraoperative hypothermia. Method: This is an integrative literature review, with a qualitative approach and descriptive character. Initially, 12 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected, of which 8 comprised the final analysis. Results and discussion: Analysis of the studies showed that intraoperative hypothermia is associated with factors such as anesthesia, low operating room temperature, and infusion of unheated solutions, being more prevalent in elderly patients. The main nursing interventions include continuous monitoring of body temperature and the use of active and passive warming methods, demonstrating effectiveness in preventing this condition. Final Considerations: In conclusion, intraoperative hypothermia is a significant complication, especially in elderly patients, requiring rigorous monitoring and continuous action by the nursing team. Nurses play an essential role in prevention through the control of body temperature, the surgical environment, and the application of warming methods. The importance of adopting evidence-based practices, as recommended by SOBECC (Brazilian Society of Surgical and Clinical Analysis), is highlighted for standardizing procedures and strengthening patient safety.