The vaccine as an alternative in the prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in different regions of the world, being directly associated with persistent infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). This infection can have a silent progression, especially in its early stages, which reinforces the importance of preventive strategies such as vaccination, screening, and health education. Objective: To review the scientific literature on HPV vaccination as a primary prevention strategy, with an emphasis on the adolescent population. Methodology: This is a literature review based on scientific articles, national and international guidelines, and institutional documents published primarily in recent years. Results: The literature analyzed showed that HPV vaccination significantly contributes to the prevention of persistent infection by viral types associated with cervical cancer, especially when performed before the onset of sexual activity. It was also observed that vaccine adherence among adolescents depends on factors such as access to information, family guidance, the actions of health professionals, and the availability of the vaccine in public services. Conclusion: It is concluded that HPV vaccination, combined with periodic screening and health education, constitutes a fundamental strategy for reducing HPV infection and controlling cervical cancer.