Risperidone in autism spectrum disorder: effectiveness in the control of irritability, aggression, and behavioral dysfunction

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition frequently associated with behavioral changes such as irritability, aggression, and disruptive behaviors, which may negatively affect the quality of life of individuals and their families. In this context, risperidone has emerged as one of the main pharmacological options used to manage these symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence published between 2016 and 2026 regarding the effectiveness of risperidone in controlling irritability, aggression, and behavioral dysfunction in individuals with ASD. This was an integrative literature review with a descriptive and qualitative approach, conducted through searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and SciELO databases. Full-text studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish addressing the use of risperidone in individuals with ASD were included. The final sample consisted of five high-level evidence studies, complemented by a mini-review used to discuss pharmacogenomic aspects. The findings demonstrated that risperidone is effective in reducing irritability, aggression, self-injurious behavior, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behaviors associated with ASD. However, relevant adverse effects were identified, particularly weight gain, sedation, and metabolic alterations, highlighting the need for continuous clinical monitoring during treatment. It is concluded that risperidone is an effective therapeutic option for managing behavioral symptoms associated with ASD when used in an individualized manner and integrated with multidisciplinary interventions.