The Effectiveness of Bioremediation in Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils in the Ecuadorian Amazon: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v9i20.3164Keywords:
Bioremediation, Hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, Ecuadorian Amazon, Bioaugmentation, BiostimulationAbstract
This research is a systematic review regarding the effectiveness of bioremediation in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, specifically within the Ecuadorian Amazon. The study highlights that oil exploration has caused severe impacts on biodiversity and the health of local communities. In response, bioremediation emerges as a sustainable alternative that employs microorganisms and plants to degrade contaminants. Key findings indicate that techniques such as biostimulation and bioaugmentation can achieve hydrocarbon removal rates between 60% and 90%, reaching up to 99% under controlled conditions. The research emphasizes the superiority of autochthonous microbial consortia (especially from the Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera) and the use of organic amendments like animal manure or biochar to accelerate degradation. Finally, the article concludes that while combined strategies are the most efficient, logistical and technical challenges remain for scaling these laboratory results to the actual conditions of the Amazonian field
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