Eficacia de la biorremediación en suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos en la Amazonía ecuatoriana: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v9i20.3164Palabras clave:
Biorremediación, Suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos, Amazonía ecuatoriana, Bioaumentación, BioestimulaciónResumen
Esta investigación consiste en una revisión sistemática sobre la eficacia de la biorremediación en suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos, específicamente en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. El estudio destaca que la actividad petrolera ha causado impactos severos en la biodiversidad y la salud de las comunidades locales. Frente a esto, la biorremediación surge como una alternativa sostenible que utiliza microorganismos y plantas para degradar contaminantes. Los hallazgos principales indican que técnicas como la bioestimulación y la bioaumentación pueden alcanzar tasas de remoción de hidrocarburos de entre el 60% y el 90%, llegando incluso al 99% en condiciones controladas. Se resalta la superioridad de los consorcios microbianos autóctonos (especialmente de los géneros Pseudomonas y Bacillus) y el uso de enmiendas orgánicas como el estiércol animal o el biochar para acelerar la degradación. Finalmente, el artículo concluye que, aunque las estrategias combinadas son las más eficientes, aún existen desafíos logísticos y técnicos para escalar estos resultados del laboratorio a las condiciones reales del campo amazónico.
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