Atopic Dermatitis: Genetic and Therapeutic Factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v9i20.3431Keywords:
Atopic Dermatitis, Eczema, Genetics, Therapeutics, ImmunologyAbstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease with high prevalence in childhood and possible persistence into adulthood, particularly in individuals with an atopic background. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial and involves a complex interaction among genetic susceptibility, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, microbial imbalance, and environmental triggers. This review aimed to analyze AD from the perspective of its main genetic and therapeutic factors, emphasizing recent advances in pathogenesis and treatment. A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. The search strategy included MeSH terms and related descriptors for atopic dermatitis, eczema, genetics, and treatment. Articles published within the last five years, available in full text, and directly relevant to the topic were included. The initial search yielded eight eligible studies from PubMed, and additional relevant articles were identified through manual reference tracking, resulting in 16 studies included in the final analysis. The findings consistently support the role of filaggrin-related barrier dysfunction, family history of atopy, and Th2-driven immune pathways in AD susceptibility and persistence. Therapeutically, conventional skin care remains essential, but targeted therapies have significantly changed the management of moderate-to-severe disease. Janus kinase inhibitors, IL-4/IL-13-directed biologics, microbiome-based interventions, and selected phototherapy modalities showed promising clinical outcomes. Overall, current evidence suggests that better understanding of the genetic and immunological basis of AD is fundamental to support more personalized and effective treatment strategies.
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